which term or terms name a place in oceania?

Village layouts and building methods have changed radically. The ecosystem and habitats of the island were permanently altered. Important volcanic mountains in Melanesia include Mount Tomanivi, Fiji; Mount Lamington, Papua New Guinea; and Mount Yasur, Vanuatu.Low IslandsLow islands are also called coral islands. Indonesia - Wikipedia Indonesia Coordinates: 5S 120E Indonesia, [a] officially the Republic of Indonesia, [b] is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. Britannica does not review the converted text. Its cream is used in cooking, and its dried meat, called copra, is the source of coconut oil. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Antarctic Ocean As with any generalization, however, this three-way division of Oceania is somewhat inaccurate: it was created by Europeans concerned with their own exploration, trade, missionary activities, and racial relationsand it ignored many cultural and historical details. Accretion. European colonization. The other two major landmasses are the microcontinent of Zealandia, which includes the country of New Zealand, and the western half of the island of New Guinea, made up of the nation of Papua New Guinea. Oceania refers to the Pacific Islands east of present-day Indonesia and the Philippines across to Pitcairn Island in the southeast Pacific and also includes the western half of the island of New Guinea, which is now part of Indonesia. Some coral islands consist of reef limestone that was raised slowly over thousands or even millions of years. Where rainfall is plentiful, tropical plants such as coconuts, other palms, and breadfruit trees are common. Yet the total land area of the islands is very smallonly some 324,000 square miles (840,000 square kilometers). Natural accretion is the buildup of land, solely by the action of the forces of nature, on a beach by deposition of water-borne or airborne material. Island Flora and FaunaThe evolution of flora and fauna across the islands of Australia and Oceania is unique. Polynesians developed large, double-hulled vessels called outrigger canoes. The three island groups located at the corners of the triangle are Hawai'i (also known as Sandwich Island), New Zealand, and Easter Island. The South Pacific (Univ. To share with more than one person, separate addresses with a comma. Number of places named Paris per country: There are 22 places named Paris in America. What is left is fed to pigs and other livestock, which may also graze on vegetation beneath the coconut trees. Yet it helps to divide the region for quick reference, especially when considering differences in language and geography. Seeking cash incomes, they left their villages for places of greater opportunitycities in the islands as well as overseas. Many groups have lost their fishing traditions, however. They sometimes grow powerful enough to become hurricanes, also called typhoons or tropical cyclones. The term, in its widest sense, embraces the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas. Political GeographyAustralia and Oceanias history and development have been shaped by its political geography. The program put sanctions on several Aboriginal communities that were charged with child abuse. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. In addition to large numbers of indigenous islanders, there are many Indians, Chinese, and Indonesians. Red deer, introduced to New Zealand by hunting enthusiasts, have multiplied into the millions. Add to My Finds. Oceania consists of four subregions: Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. People who witnessed the tests suffered from high rates of cancer. The extinction of the moa led to the co-extinction of the Haasts eagle, the largest bird of prey ever to have existed. But the money they sent home from New Zealand, the United States (particularly Hawaii and California), and elsewhere became a major source of local income. Some of the countries included in Oceania are Australia, New Zealand, Tuvalu, Samoa, Tonga, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Palau . As part of the Pacific Environment Community initiative, the PIF secured about $66 million from Japan to support projects that focus on solar power generation and seawater desalination. Rosenberg, Matt. Agriculture is also important in Oceania and there are three types which are common in the region. The name Oceania justly establishes the Pacific Ocean as the defining characteristic of the continent.Oceaniais dominated by the nation of Australia. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. 2-Letter (alpha 2 code) 3-Letter (alpha 3 code) Afghanistan. The North Pacific portion of Oceania also features these types of landscapes along the Eurasian and Pacific plates. Oceania is usually said to consist of three large geographic areasPolynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia. The roaring winds and massive surges of ocean water that they produce can devastate farms, forests, villages, ports, and entire islands. This article does not include Australia (and its adjoining islands) for reasons of culture and geography. 12are atolls high islands or low islands? Most of Australia and Oceania is under the Pacific, a vast body of water that is larger than all the Earths continental landmasses and islands combined. Low islands are called atolls if they consist of a ring of land or islets surrounding a shallow lagoon. Why? Many plants and animals reached the islands from southern Asia during the last glacial period, when sea levels were low enough to allow for travel. The farther they traveled, the more advanced their navigation became. Encyclopedic entry. The theme of the last festival, held in Pago Pago, American Samoa, was Threading the Oceania Ula. The ula is a necklace that represents respect, warmth, and excitement for festive occasions and is used to greet new guests. Some parts of Oceania experience frequent earthquakes because of the movement of continental plates. New Guinea and neighboring parts of Melanesia were probably first settled by Southeast Asians from 50,000 to 30,000 years ago, at roughly the same time as Australia. Which term or terms name a place in Oceania? Australias landscape is dominated by the Outback, a region of deserts and semi-arid land. Plantation crops are planted on the medium tropical islands while capital-intensive agriculture is practiced mainly in Australia and New Zealand. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. Rather than eating fresh-caught fish, many now eat fish out of cans, potted meat, and other convenience foods. Oceania is a region made up of thousands of islands throughout the Central and South Pacific Ocean. This is a convergent plate boundary, where the two plates move toward each other. It has a land area of 3,291,903 sq mi, spanning the eastern and western hemispheres. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Oceania-region-Pacific-Ocean, Globalseurity.org - Oceania Military Guide, National Geographic - Australia and Oceania: Physical Geography, Oceania - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Oceania - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The islands of the eastern Pacific are known as Polynesia, from the Greek for "many islands." Set within a triangle formed by Aotearoa (New Zealand) in the south, Hawaii to the north and Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in the east, the Polynesian islands are dotted across the vast eastern Pacific Ocean. Most of Australia and all of New Zealand are within the temperate zone and most of the island areas in the Pacific are considered tropical. Numerous Pacific islands are beyond the limits of Oceania as it is normally conceived. Wild mammals bigger than pigs live only on the largest islands. Many villagers began to desire the kinds of consumer goods available only from distant countries. We've provided the country codes for 53. Much farther away from the equator, the prevailing winds blow west to east. More than 2,000 participants from 27 countries attend the festival. The waters around many Pacific Islands, as well as parts of Australia, have been overfished. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. An atoll forms when a coral reef builds up around a volcanic island, then the volcanic island erodes away, leaving a lagoon. Because the limestone and volcanic rock on some islands is porous, there is little or no surface water. As trade increased, however, so did fears that the small economies of Oceania could be overwhelmed by global economic forces. Problems on some islands include tropical diseases, drought, typhoons, volcanic eruptions, and stinging insects, as well as social problems such as unemployment, low-paying jobs, harsh working conditions, violence, and corruption. Villagers built schools but had to raise money to buy the concrete, tin roofs, and other materials. The constitution also identifies and promotes traditional practices as part of contemporary culture.The indigenous groups traditional lands are recognized by the national legislature as customary land title. Many people depend on rainwater collected in cisterns, as well as imported potable water. In the Americas, marsupials such as possums are much smaller.Marine Flora and FaunaThe marine environment is an important and influential physical region in Australia and Oceania. Of the three regions within Oceania, Melanesia has the largest population, especially in Papua New Guinea and Fiji. Papua New Guinea and New Zealand represent nine tenths of the total. Australasia consists of the continent of Australia (aka Australia-New Guinea) and the submerged continent of Zealandia (aka Tasmantis). It consists of 90 islets on the rim of a lagoon of about 650 square miles (1,683 square kilometers). Modern scientific research has proven that many of these myths are fairly accurate historic records.One series of Aboriginal myths explains that the Australian coastline was once near the edge of the Great Barrier Reef, for example. The name Polynesia means many islands; it applies mainly to islands with similar cultures that lie in the central Pacific. Marine realms are large ocean regions where animal and plant life are similar because of shared environmental and evolutionary factors.The Temperate Australasia realm includes the seas surrounding the southern half of Australia and the islands of New Zealand. 1. Meanwhile, increasing numbers of traders, tourists, and Christian missionaries arrived. Many islands throughout this region also have significant indigenous populations. In all the vast area of Oceania there are roughly 14 million people. (See also Polynesian culture.). Encyclopedic entry. A line of stations or towers would display signals, like semaphore, to relay messages. The larger towns have grown faster than the villages, partly because of migration from rural areas to towns and cities. Cassava, taro, yams, and sweet potatoes are the most common products of this type of agriculture. Clarify that you are not talking about people who move from one place to another at different times. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The two islands have rather flat surfaces and reddish-brown soil. Improved homework resources designed to support a variety of curriculum subjects and standards. The largest cluster is on Guam, many of whose people are recent arrivals from Asia and the United States. The Pacific Islands: Environment and Society (Bess Press, 1999).Theroux, Paul. It spans over 3.3 million square miles (8.5 million sq km). As they explored the South Pacific, Polynesians brought agriculture to isolated islands, for example.In another example, the Maori had a significant impact on New Zealands forests and fauna. The name Golconda means "round-shaped hill.". After the soil nutrients are exhausted or the weeds have become too troublesome, another part of the forest is cleared and another garden planted. It is important to note, however, that not all of Oceania receives abundant rainfall, and portions of the region are arid or semiarid. Oceania is the name of the region consisting of island groups within the Central and South Pacific Ocean. Each country is represented by a group of artist-delegates and each festival is centered on a specific theme. They also introduced helpful tools, crops, and domesticated animals. outback. Another fact that defined Oceania earlier geography was the European colonization that took place in the region since the 16th century. Others, however, lament the loss of native culture, including the neglect of traditional religious sites, the loss of ceremonial ties and group unity, and, on some islands, the requirement that layers of clothing be worn in the hot climateeven while playing in the ocean surf. Weve been busy, working hard to bring you new features and an updated design. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of any geographical feature, and full scope of the term also includes proper names of all cosmographical features.. The bigger the island, the thicker and larger the lens. In this model of the world, Australia is only seen as an island nation contained inside of the continent of Oceania, and not a continent by itself. Hawaiis highest peaks, such as Mauna Kea, can be quite dry, because air blowing up the mountainsides loses most of its moisture before reaching the top. AF. Thriving on their abilities as gatherers (foragers), hunters, and fishers, these colonists and their descendants gradually multiplied, particularly as they invented more advanced watercraft. Like the Central Indo-Pacific realm, this realm is also known for its tropical coral formations. In many places, large quantities of food are cooked in a rock-lined pit that is covered with leaves and a layer of earth, wet jute, or burlap sacks. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. European powers claimed Australia and Oceanias lands as their own because they considered them terra nullius, or a no mans land inhabited by heathen natives. 3.3 Million Square Miles of Pacific Islands. These seabirds include different species of albatross, petrel, and shearwater, as well as the Australasian gannet and rockhopper penguin.The Central Indo-Pacific realm includes the seas surrounding the northern half of Australia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. These are found specifically in the South Pacific. Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of toponyms (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage and types. Some islands a thousand miles apart may have similar climates and features, yet large islands may have a variety of landscapes and climatic features within just a few miles. For decades, the main source of phosphate was Nauru, but its center has been transformed into a wasteland. Ask students for ideas of what these places are. Most of Tongas islands are of this raised type, including the largest, Tongatapu, which covers some 100 square miles (260 square kilometers). East Timor has cultural affinities with some Oceanian islands, but it is not discussed here because of its location west of New Guinea. The tropical regions in Oceania are hot and wet year round. Is the Great Barrier Reef most closely related to high islands orlow islands? The treaty, however, was never truly enforced, and the Maori suffered from mistreatment and discrimination. Though small and separated by thousands of . The other two major landmasses of Oceania are the microcontinent of Zealandia, which includes the country of New Zealand, and the eastern half of the island of New Guinea, made up of the nation of Papua New Guinea. The Streets. Oceania also includes three island regions: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia (including the U.S. state of Hawaii).Melanesia includes the independent nations of Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, and the islands of New Caledonia, a sui generis collectivity of France.Micronesia includes the independent nations of Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, Kiribati, and Nauru; the Northern Mariana Islands, a commonwealth in political union with the United States; and Guam and Wake Island, two territories of the United States.Polynesia includes the independent nations of Samoa, Tonga, and Tuvalu; the Cook Islands and Nieu, two self-governing islands in free association with New Zealand; Tokelau, an island territory of New Zealand; French Polynesia and Wallis and Futuna, two French overseas collectivities; American Samoa, an unincorporated territory of the United States; and the Pitcairn Islands, a British overseas territory.Australia and Oceanias physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Cultural GeographyHistoric CulturesIndigenous cultures shaped, and were shaped by, the geography of Australia and Oceania.

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