our present missouri constitution was created in

All references to the division of insurance and the insurance division in this constitution and in the statutes shall mean the department of insurance. The supreme executive power shall be vested in a governor. the United States. Originally comprising seven articles, it delineates the national frame and constraints of government. The rules and regulations of the commission not relating to its organization and internal management shall become effective not less than ten days after being filed with the secretary of state as provided in section 16 of this article, and such final rules and regulations affecting private rights as are judicial or quasi-judicial in nature shall be subject to the judicial review provided in section 22 of article V. Section 46. The general assembly shall designate by general law the court or judge by whom the several classes of election contests shall be tried and regulate the manner of trial and all matters incident thereto; but no law assigning jurisdiction or regulating its exercise shall apply to the contest of any election held before the law takes effect. (Mark an "X" in the box you prefer.)" felony if committed by an adult;\. Upon the issuance of the bonds, or any portion thereof, the state board of fund commissioners shall notify the commissioner of administration of the amount of money required, in the remaining portion of the fiscal year during which the bonds are issued, for the payment of interest on the bonds, and of the amount of money required for the payment of interest on the bonds in the next succeeding fiscal year, and to pay the bonds as they mature. The general assembly shall appropriate out of the general revenue fund of the state a sum sufficient to reimburse the various counties for the sums legally and properly paid by them to the judges and clerks of the special election called for the purpose of adopting or rejecting this constitution. The legislative power shall be vested in a senate and house of representatives to be styled The General Assembly of the State of Missouri.. The Missouri Constitution created our current fragmented and dysfunctional government structure in St. Louis city and county, and if we want to repair it we will need to change the constitution . Section 17. The Commissioner of Administration shall annually certify the rate of taxation so determined to the county clerk of each county to the comptroller or other officer in the city of St. Louis whose duty it shall be to make up and certify the tax books wherein are extended the ad valorem state taxes. Referendum petitions shall be filed with the secretary of state not more than ninety days after the final adjournment of the session of the general assembly which passed the bill on which the referendum is demanded. Section 39(c). Section 47. orders as will fully protect the rights of personal confrontation and cross-examination Taxation under county charters. Section 3(b). Before incurring any indebtedness every county, city, incorporated town or village, school district, or other political corporation or subdivision of the state shall provide for the collection of an annual tax on all taxable tangible property therein sufficient to pay the interest and principal of the indebtedness as they fall due, and to retire the same within twenty years from the date contracted. The head of each department may select and remove all appointees in the department except as otherwise provided in this constitution, or by law. [1], That no person shall be Publications Division. Section 21. The city of St. Louis may levy for county purposes, in addition to the municipal rates herein provided, a rate not exceeding the rate allowed for county purposes. The general assembly shall adequately maintain the state university and such other educational institutions as it may deem necessary. If the general assembly be in session he shall transmit to the house in which the bill originated a copy of the statement, and the items or portions objected to shall be reconsidered separately. The general assembly shall adjourn at midnight on May thirtieth until the first Wednesday after the first Monday of January of the following year, unless it has adjourned prior thereto. The state treasurer shall determine by the exercise of his best judgment the amount of moneys in his custody that are not needed for current expenses and shall place all such moneys on time deposit, bearing interest, in banking institutions in this state selected by the state treasurer and approved by the governor and state auditor or in obligations of the United States government or any agency or instrumentality thereof maturing and becoming payable not more than five years from the date of purchase. Section 36(b). Crime victims, as defined by law, shall The senate shall consist of thirty-four members elected by the qualified voters of the respective districts for four years. Legislative privileges. The powers of government shall be divided into three distinct departmentsthe legislative, executive and judicialeach of which shall be confided to a separate magistracy, and no person, or collection of persons, charged with the exercise of powers properly belonging to one of those departments, shall exercise any power properly belonging to either of the others, except in the instances in this constitution expressly directed or permitted. Cooperation by local governments with other governmental units. After the statement is filed senators shall be elected according to such districts until a reapportionment is made as herein provided, except that if the statement is not filed within six months of the time fixed for the appointment of the commission, it shall stand discharged and the senate shall be apportioned by a commission of six members appointed from among the judges of the appellate courts of the state of Missouri by the state supreme court, a majority of whom shall sign and file its apportionment plan and map with the secretary of state within ninety days of the date of the discharge of the apportionment commission. Section 27(c). Legislative journalsdemand for yeas and naysmanner and record of vote. except for nonpayment of fines and penalties imposed by law. Section 30(a). blood or forfeiture of estate; that the estates of such persons as may destroy their own Limitation of taxation to public purposesuniformitygeneral lawstime for payment of taxesvaluation. Section 18(p). Any state highway authorized herein to be located in any municipality may be constructed without limitations concerning the distance between houses or other buildings abutting such highway or concerning the width or type of construction. The shortest is the Constitution of Vermont, adopted in 1793 and currently 8,295 words long. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions 18 year term in the House 2 year term (8 years total) year term for the Senate 4 year term (8 years total) year term for the Governor 4 year term (8 years total) term limit on the Governor 2 yeae term limit (8 years total) year term in the state Supreme Court 12 year term (and reelection every year) years max in the House or Senate 8 years max In addition, monies deposited in the state parks sales tax fund pursuant to the provisions of section 47(b) of this article shall also be appropriated to make payments to counties for a period of five years for the unimproved value of land for distribution to the appropriate political subdivisions as payment in lieu of real property taxes for privately owned land acquired by the department of natural resources for park purposes after July 1, 1985, in such amounts as determined by appropriation, but in no event shall such amounts be more than the amount of property tax imposed by political subdivisions at the time the department acquired or acquires such land. Except as otherwise provided in this article, the effective date of this article shall be January 2, 1979. Seminary fundsourcespayment into state treasuryinvestmentlimitation on use of income. in such manner as may be provided by law; and until the same shall be paid to the Section 27. Terms of judges. Each committee shall keep such record of its proceedings as is required by rule of the respective houses and this record and the recorded vote of the members of the committee shall be filed with all reports on bills. Racial discrimination in employment of teachers. supported by written oath or affirmation. Section 14. A state constitution is the governing document of a U.S. state, . Prohibition of political activity by judges. behalf; and a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the county. Any such law shall include the following requirements: Section 39(b). Taxes and state spending to be limitedstate to support certain local activitiesemergency spending and bond payments to be authorized. The general assembly may enact such laws as may be necessary to carry this amendment into effect. Any county, city, incorporated town or village or other political corporation or subdivision of the state, by vote of the qualified electors thereof voting thereon, may become indebted in an amount not to exceed five percent of the value of taxable tangible property therein as shown by the last completed assessment for state or county purposes, except that a school district by a vote of the qualified electors voting thereon may become indebted in an amount not to exceed fifteen percent of the value of such taxable tangible property. taken or damaged for public use without just compensation. intended to promote the general welfare of the people; that all persons have a natural Section 30(b). State building bond issue authorizedinterest ratepayment from income tax and other funds. Section 2. In the event of any amendment or revision of the charter of the city of St. Louis which shall reorganize any county office and/or transfer any or all of the duties, powers and functions of any county officer, all of the staff of such office shall be afforded the opportunity to become employees of the city of St. Louis with their individual seniority and compensation unaffected and on such other comparable terms and conditions as may be fair and equitable. Senatorial apportionment commissionnumber, appointment, duties, compensation. No tax shall be imposed on lands the property of the United States; nor shall lands belonging to persons residing without the state ever be taxed at a higher rate than lands belonging to persons residing within the state. No duty shall be imposed on him by law which is not related to the supervising and auditing of the receipt and expenditure of public funds. Whenever a petition for a commission, signed by qualified electors of the county numbering ten percent of the total vote for governor in the county at the last preceding general election, is filed with the county commission or other governing body, the officer or body canvassing election returns shall forthwith finally determine the sufficiency thereof and certify the result to the governing body, which shall give immediate written notice of the petition to the circuit judges of the county. Neighborhood improvement districts, cities and counties may be authorized to establish, powers and dutieslimitation on indebtedness. Section 30. in this state, a marriage shall exist only between a man and a woman. Supplementary state highways shall be selected by mutual agreement of the commission and the local officials having charge of or jurisdiction over roads in the territory through which such supplementary state highways are to be constructed. Judicial opinionsfiling and publicationmemorandum decisions and orders. Section 30(b). The health and general welfare of the people are matters of primary public concern; and to secure them there shall be established a department of social services in charge of a director appointed by the governor, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, charged with promoting improved health and other social services to the citizens of the state as provided by law, and the general assembly may grant power with respect thereto to counties, cities or other political subdivisions of the state. No school district which permits differences in wages of teachers having the same training and experience because of race or color, shall receive any portion of said revenue or fund. Shipping charges and a convenience fee when using a credit card will apply to additional copies. Right to keep and bear armsexception. Section 33. Each representative shall be twenty-four years of age, and next before the day of his election shall have been a qualified voter for two years and a resident of the county or district which he is chosen to represent for one year, if such county or district shall have been so long established, and if not, then of the county or district from which the same shall have been taken. Section 32(b). Certified copies of county constitution to be filed, where amendments to constitution, procedure. Associate circuit judges shall be selected or elected in each county. The general assembly may levy an annual tax sufficient to pay the accruing interest of all state certificates of indebtedness. If the bill be approved by the governor it shall become a law. or the person or thing to be seized, or the data or communication to be accessed, as nearly as may be; nor without probable cause, One of such certified copies shall be deposited in the office of the secretary of state and the other, after being recorded in the records of the city, shall be deposited among the archives of the city and all courts shall take judicial notice thereof. All of the provisions of Sections 47(a), 47(b) and 47(c) shall be self-enforcing except that the General Assembly shall adjust brackets for the collection of the sales and use taxes. No cost-of-living increase or decrease granted to any person affected by the schedule shall exceed the uniform general increase or decrease provided for all other state employees by the general assembly. Section 25(e). The term of office of each member shall be eight years, except the terms of the first appointees shall be from one to eight years, respectively. If any of the congressional committees fails to submit a list within such time the governor shall appoint a member of his own choice from that district and from the political party of the committee failing to make the appointment. The general assembly may, by law, provide standards and conditions to regulate or guarantee the awarding of prizes provided for in such raffles or sweepstakes. . Taxing powerexercise by state and local governments. Section 18(d). When any such subdivision or municipality supports a free library, the general assembly shall grant aid to such public library in such manner and in such amounts as may be provided by law. PO Box 119, 326 Monroe St. The same percentage of value shall be applied to all properties within any subclass. Every such petition shall be filed with the secretary of state not less than six months before the election and shall contain an enacting clause and the full text of the measure. Upon a vacancy on the commission, a successor shall be selected and appointed to fill the unexpired term in the same manner as the original appointment was made. In addition to the elected officers, there shall not be more than fifteen departments and the office of administration. Each schedule shall be published by the secretary of state as a part of the session laws of the general assembly and may also be published as a separate publication at the discretion of the secretary of state. Any city or incorporated town or village in this state, by vote of a majority of the qualified electors thereof voting thereon, and any joint board or commission, established by a joint contract between municipalities or political subdivisions in this state, by compliance with then applicable requirements of law, may issue and sell its negotiable interest bearing revenue bonds for the purpose of paying all or part of the cost of purchasing, construction, extending or improving any of the following projects: The project shall be owned by the municipality or by the cooperating municipalities or political subdivisions or the joint board or commission, either exclusively or jointly or by participation with cooperatives or municipally owned or public utilities, the cost of operation and maintenance and the principal and interest of the bonds to be payable solely from the revenues derived by the municipality or by the cooperating municipalities or political subdivisions or the joint board or commission from the operation of the utility or the lease or operation of the project. Additional indebtedness of cities for public improvementsbenefit districtsspecial assessments. Director of conservation and personnel of commission. The general assembly, by general law, may provide for further classification within classes 2 and 3, based solely on the nature and characteristics of the property, and not on the nature, residence or business of the owner, or the amount owned. In such event, the commissioner of administration shall annually, on or before the first day of July, determine the rate of taxation necessary to be levied upon all taxable tangible property within the state to raise the amount of money needed to pay the principal and interest on such bonds maturing and accruing in the next succeeding fiscal year, taking into consideration available funds, delinquencies and costs of collection. Section 6. That the people have the right peaceably to assemble for their common good, and to apply to those invested with the powers of government for redress of grievances by petition or remonstrance. If the charter be approved by the voters it shall become the charter of such city at the time fixed therein and shall supersede any existing charter and amendments thereof. [1], Practice and Support of Religion Not Compulsory--Contracts Therefor Enforcible, That no person can be compelled to erect, support or attend any place or Section 26(g). After it has been referred to a committee, one-third of the elected members of the respective houses shall have power to relieve a committee of further consideration of a bill and place it on the calendar for consideration. Such judges shall be at least thirty years of age. Each county shall have such number of associate circuit judges as provided by law. As prescribed by law all counties, cities, other legal subdivisions of the state, and public utilities owned and operated by such subdivisions shall have an annual budget, file annual reports of their financial transactions, and be audited. Section 26. Section 6. Section 22. No member of the commission may be removed from office during the term for which appointed except for incapacity, incompetence, neglect of duty, malfeasance in office, or for a disqualifying change of residence. All members of the commission shall be residents and registered voters of the state of Missouri. If any railroad corporation organized under the laws of this state shall consolidate by sale or otherwise, with any railroad corporation organized under the laws of any other state, or of the United States, the same shall not thereby become a foreign corporation, but the courts of this state shall retain jurisdiction in all matters which may arise as if said consolidation had not taken place. Section 39. That no ex post facto law, nor law impairing the obligation of contracts, or retrospective in its operation, or making any irrevocable grant of special privileges or immunities, can be enacted. from jury service because of sex, but the court shall excuse any woman who Notice of special charter election. Superior courts to control inferior courtscourts administrator, salaryreapportionment commission, appointment. Section 12. [1], No citizen shall be disqualified Section 40. Candidates for the commission shall be nominated by petition signed by not less than two percent of the qualified electors voting at the next preceding city election, and filed with the election body or official at least thirty days prior to the election; provided that the signatures of one thousand electors shall be sufficient to nominate a candidate. Section 24. The commissioner of administration shall annually certify the rate of taxation so determined to the county clerk of each county and to the comptroller or other officer in the city of St. Louis whose duty it is to make up and certify the tax books wherein are extended the ad valorem state taxes. Section 18(m). The clerks and the comptroller, or other proper officer in the city of St. Louis, shall extend upon the tax books the taxes to be collected and shall certify the same to the collectors of the revenue of their respective counties and of the city of St. Louis, who shall collect such taxes at the same time and in the same manner and by the same means as are now or may hereafter be provided by law for the collection of state and county taxes, and pay the same into the state treasury to the credit of the third state building bond interest and sinking fund. The most recent Missouri Constitution was created in 1945 and the rules from that constitution still apply today. Section 2(b). No senator or representative shall receive any compensation in addition to his salary as a member of the general assembly for any services rendered in connection with said revision. The board shall select and appoint a commissioner of education as its chief administrative officer, who shall be a citizen and resident of the state, and removable at its discretion. Limitation of governor's budget on power of appropriations. Each member of the commission shall receive as compensation fifteen dollars a day for each day the commission is in session, but not more than one thousand dollars, and, in addition, shall be reimbursed for his actual and necessary expenses incurred while serving as a member of the commission. Missouri became a state in 1821. The reasonable personal and traveling expenses of defendant and his counsel shall be paid by the state or county as provided by law. Section 26. Cooperation with federal and other state governments. All bills in either house remaining on the calendar after 6:00 p.m. on the first Friday following the second Monday in May are tabled. Section 9. Section 26(a). The power to pardon shall not include the power to parole. Corporations subject to eminent domaintrial by jury. Freedom of speechevidence of truth in defamation actionsprovince of jury. Right of trial by juryqualification of jurorstwo-thirds verdict. Section 8. Certain cities may adopt charter form of governmentprocedure to frame and adoptnotice requiredeffect of. The first step to making a law is writing what is called a bill. A senator or representative can write a bill he or she wants to be a law. The Missouri territory was given the authority to create a constitution the following year, and on June 12, 1820, the first Missouri Constitutional Convention assembled in St. Louis. Section 23. Section 27(a). Source of Political Power--Origin, Basis and Aim of Government, That all political power is vested in and derived from the people; that all government The general assembly may enact laws to encourage forestry, and prevent and suppress forest fires on private lands. No law shall grant the right to construct and operate a street railroad within any city, town, village, or on any public highway, without first acquiring the consent of the local authorities having control of the street or highway, and the franchises so granted shall not be transferred without similar assent first obtained. own choosing. Neither the general assembly, nor any county, city, town, township, school district or other municipal corporation, shall ever make an appropriation or pay from any public fund whatever, anything in aid of any religious creed, church or sectarian purpose, or to help to support or sustain any private or public school, academy, seminary, college, university, or other institution of learning controlled by any religious creed, church or sectarian denomination whatever; nor shall any grant or donation of personal property or real estate ever be made by the state, or any county, city, town, or other municipal corporation, for any religious creed, church, or sectarian purpose whatever. In addition to the above levy for road and bridge purposes, it shall be the duty of the county court, when so authorized by a majority of the qualified electors of any road district, general or special, voting thereon at an election held for such purpose, to make an additional levy of not to exceed thirty-five cents on the hundred dollars assessed valuation on all taxable real and tangible personal property within such district, to be collected in the same manner as state and county taxes, and placed to the credit of the road district authorizing such levy, such election to be called and held in the manner provided by law provided that the general assembly may require by law that the rates authorized herein may be reduced. In all elections for directors or managers of any corporation, each shareholder shall have the right to cast as many votes in the aggregate as shall equal the number of shares held by him, multiplied by the number of directors or managers to be elected, and may cast the whole number of votes, either in person or by proxy for one candidate, or distribute such votes among two or more candidates; and such directors or managers shall not be elected in any other manner unless an alternative method of electing and removing directors and managers is adopted as provided by law; provided, that this section shall not apply to cooperative associations, societies or exchanges organized under the law. Section 14. Section 20. Commander in chief of militiaauthority. Such bonds shall bear interest at a rate not exceeding three percentum (3%) per annum, payable semiannually, except that the first interest payable thereon may be paid not later than one year from the date of issuance, and maturing not later than twenty-five years from their date. prosecutions the accused shall have the right to appear and defend, in person and Section 20(a). Missouri Constitution: 4 1945 Montana Constitution: 2 1973 Nebraska Constitution: 2 1875 Nevada Constitution: 1 . Oath of office. Section 14. Section 39(d). render a verdict; and that in every criminal case any defendant may, with the assent of Section 23. Tax levy for blind pension fund. On signing it he shall append to the bill a statement of the items or portions of items to which he objects and such items or portions shall not take effect. Every bill shall be referred to a committee of the house in which it is pending. 136. spouse, in order to preserve the testimony, and on condition that the court make such The general assembly shall reconvene on the first Wednesday after the first Monday of January after adjournment at midnight on May thirtieth of the preceding year. Limitations on passage of local and special laws. All interest accruing from investment of the county school fund, the clear proceeds of all penalties, forfeitures and fines collected hereafter for any breach of the penal laws of the state, the net proceeds from the sale of estrays, and all other moneys coming into said funds shall be distributed annually to the schools of the several counties according to law. All of the provisions of sections 25(a)-(g) shall be self-enforcing except those as to which action by the general assembly may be required. Nothing in this section shall be construed as creating a cause of action for

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