eastern and western countries list

This is the time when the Huns (part of the ancient Eastern European tribes named barbarians by the Romans) from modern-day Hungary penetrated into the Dalmatian (modern-day Croatia) region then originating in the following 150 years in the Roman Empire officially splitting in two halves. These are seen as fostering the 19th century Western world's sustained economic development. They are not necessarily wealthy or politically aligned, however. But the end of Western colonial imperialism saw the rise of Western neocolonialism or economic imperialism. Additionally, Latin American and Orthodox European worlds are sometimes either a sub-civilization within Western civilization or separately considered "akin" to the West. [137], By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, 23% of the world population at the time,[138] and by 1920, it covered 35,500,000km2 (13,700,000sqmi),[139] 24% of the Earth's total land area. [f] In 350 years, from the successful and deadliest war with the Phoenicians began in 218 BC to the rule of Emperor Hadrian by AD 117, Ancient Rome expanded up to twenty-five times its area. Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao). Ancient Rome has contributed greatly to the development of law, war, art, literature, architecture, technology and language in the Western world, and its history continues to have a major influence on the world today. Using this definition, the Western World includes Europe as well as any countries whose cultures are strongly influenced by European values or whose populations include many people descended from European colonistsfor example Australia, New Zealand, and most countries in North and South America (see "The modern meaning of the Western World (the Latin West)" below). Also referred to as "First World countries" or the "Cold War West," this group of nations stood in contrast to the Second World countries of the U.S.S.R.-led communist Soviet bloc. It originated in the Mediterranean basin and its vicinity; Ancient Greece[d] and Ancient Rome[e] are generally considered to be the birthplaces of Western civilizationGreece having heavily influenced Romethe former due to its impact on philosophy, democracy, science, aesthetics, as well as building designs and proportions and architecture; the latter due to its influence on art, law, warfare, governance, republicanism, engineering and religion. The Church in fact built Western civilization. [28], Western civilized society is considered to have developed from Western culture influenced by many older civilizations of the ancient Near East,[38] such as Canaan,[39][40][41] Minoan Crete, Sumer, Babylonia, and also Ancient Egypt. [22][23][24] In contemporary times, countries that are considered to constitute the West vary according to perspective rather than their geographical location. Eastern countries - definition of Eastern - The Free Dictionary For example, countries such as the United States and Australia, which were once British colonies and which adopted Western European Christianity (Catholic and Protestant churches), which use the Latin alphabet, and whose populations include many people descended from European colonists. Slovakia Ukraine Belarus National Flag Of Belarus Belarus is a former Soviet republic, which gained independence in 1991. [citation needed], The then Hellenic division between the barbarians (term used by Ancient Greeks for all non-Greek-speaking people) and the Greeks contrasted in many societies the Greek-speaking culture of the Greek settlements around the Mediterranean to the surrounding non-Greek cultures. The most famous of these merchant travelers pursuing Eastwest trade was Venetian Marco Polo. The Eastern half continued to think of itself as the Eastern Roman Empire for a while until AD 610800, when Latin ceased to be the official language of the empire. Division of the Roman Empire after 395 into western and eastern part. Countries and Areas List - United States Department of State His theories are rooted in Hegel's master-slave dialectic: The Occident would not exist without the Orient and vice versa. [141] As a result, its political, legal, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread throughout the Western World. Guyana. Karin Friedrich et al., The Other Prussia: Royal Prussia, Poland and Liberty, 15691772, Cambridge University Press, 2000, M. Weisner-Hanks, Early Modern Europe 14501789 (Cambridge, 2006), harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDaus1983 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFPalmerColton1995 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFDannDinwiddy1988 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFKeitner2007 (. ", http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/regions/index.asp, "China blocks Wikipedia in all languages", "Testing Huntington: Is Hispanic Immigration a Threat to American Identity? The pantheism controversy in the late 18th century saw Gotthold Lessing attacked by Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi over support for Spinoza's pantheism. Conceptually, the boundary between east and west is cultural, rather than geographical, as a result of which Australia and New Zealand, which were founded as British settler colonies, are typically grouped with the Western world despite being geographically closer to the Eastern world, while the Central Asian nations of the former Soviet Union, even with significant Western influence, are grouped in the East. This usage occurs despite the fact that many countries that may be culturally Western are developing countries in fact, a significant percentage of the Americas are developing countries. Most social scientists divide these countries into three overlapping regions: the Eastern World, which includes all of Asia and the Middle East; the Arab World, which comprises the Middle East and North Africa; and Africa, which includes the entire continent of Africa and Madagascar. First is the Orthodox World, which collects the countries of Eastern Europe, such as Russia, Greece, and Slovakia. The West rose further with the 18th century's Age of Enlightenment and through the Age of Exploration's expansion of peoples of Western and Central European empires, particularly the globe-spanning colonial empires of 18th and 19th centuries. The Western World - WorldAtlas Although it is a scion of European (mainly Spanish and Portuguese) civilization, it also incorporates, to an extent, elements of indigenous American civilizations, absent from North America and Europe. Toynbee entered into quite an expansive mode, including as candidates those countries or cultures who became so heavily influenced by the West as to adopt these borrowings into their very self-identity. In practical terms, this means the Western World typically includes most countries of the European Union as well as the U.K., Norway, Iceland, Switzerland, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. The geopolitical divisions in Europe that created a concept of East and West originated in the Roman Empire. ), which may or may not see themselves part of the Eastern world, are sometimes considered "Middle Eastern" and separate from Asia. Countries with 50% or more Christians are colored purple while countries with 10% to 50% Christians are colored pink. [c][6] The Western world likewise is called the Occident (from Latin occidns'setting down, sunset, west') in contrast to the Eastern world known as the Orient (from Latin orins'origin, sunrise, east'). [verification needed][citation needed], At the close of the SpanishAmerican War in 1898 the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam and Cuba were ceded to the United States under the terms of the Treaty of Paris. Despite this, Christianity, in its different forms, remains the largest faith in most Western countries. In the early-19th century, the systematic urbanisation process (migration from villages in search of jobs in manufacturing centers) had begun, and the concentration of labour into factories led to the rise in the population of the towns. The inhabitants calling themselves Romans was because the term "Roman" was meant to signify all Christians. Find Your Program Architecture Art, Design, Photography Business Charities & NGOs Consulting & Professional Services Engineering Entrepreneurship & Startups Environmental & Sustainability Fashion Finance & Accounting Hospitality, Events, Tourism Human Resources Journalism, Publishing, Media Law Marketing, Advertising, PR Property & Real Estate Technology & Software Engineering TV, Theatre . Furthermore, when the Ottoman empire closed off the Silk Road in 1453 CE, Western European countries such as France, Spain, and Great Britain sent explorers all over the world in search of new trade routes and new lands. [107][108][109][110], This very profitable Central European Fourth Crusade had prompted the 14th century Renaissance (translated as 'Rebirth') of Italian city-states including the Papal States, on eve of the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation (which established the Roman Inquisition to succeed the Medieval Inquisition). [194][195][196] English and Afrikaans most similar to Dutch are two of South Africa's eleven official languages. One lesser-known modern variation of the Western World is the "Rich West," which is specifically used when discussing and comparing national economies. Grenada. [130] Before the urbanisation and industrialization of the 1800s, demand for oriental goods such as porcelain, silk, spices and tea remained the driving force behind European imperialism in Asia, and (with the important exception of British East India Company rule in India) the European stake in Asia remained confined largely to trading stations and strategic outposts necessary to protect trade. [55], The theologian and paleontologist Pierre Teilhard de Chardin conceived of the West as the set of civilizations descended from the Nile Valley Civilization of Egypt. western - relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts; . [citation needed] The influential American conservative political scientist, adviser and academic Samuel P. Huntington argued that this cultural division still existed during the Cold War as the approximate Western boundary of those countries that were allied with the Soviet Union. For historical politics in Korea, see, The West of the Mediterranean Region during the Antiquity, Ancient Greek and Hellenistic worlds (13th1st centuries BC), Ancient Roman world (6th century BC AD 395476), The birth of the European West during the Middle Ages, Expansion of the West: the Era of Colonialism (15th20th centuries), The Roman Republic had been weakened by the conflict between. [citation needed], The Portuguese spearheaded the drive to find oceanic routes that would provide cheaper and easier access to South and East Asian goods, by advancements in maritime technology such as the caravel ship introduced in the mid-1400s. These explorers paved the way for "Western" culture to spread all throughout the world, from the newly "discovered" Americas to the islands of Oceania.

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