lateral meniscus location

Chondroitinase ABC treatment results in greater tensile properties of self-assembled tissue-engineered articular cartilage. Tissue-derived materials comprise the final category of scaffolding currently being investigated for engineering the knee meniscus. An experimental study in the dog. Following this time, their ability to produce GAGs and collagen types I, III, and VI was assayed, along with the presence of certain surface markers (CD105, CD44, SSEA, PDGFRa). Experimental models to promote healing of tears in the avascular segment of canine knee menisci. 1993;13 (3): 489-500. The effect of growth factor treatment on meniscal chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation on polyglycolic acid scaffolds. Right knee-joint, from the front, showing interior ligaments. Rhee S, Grinnell F. P21-activated kinase 1: convergence point in PDGF- and LPA-stimulated collagen matrix contraction by human fibroblasts. Imaging modalities that need to be applied when diagnosing such injuries are X-ray and MRI [12]. Though only 46% of people have both of these ligaments, 100% of people have at least one of them [8]. Dynamic culture enhances stem cell infiltration and modulates extracellular matrix production on aligned electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds. [43] noted that following total meniscectomy the tibiofemoral contact area decreased by approximately 50%, therefore leading to an overall increase in contact forces by 2-3 times. Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Scaffolds for tissue engineering the meniscus may be categorized into four broad classes: synthetic polymers, hydrogels, ECM components, or tissue-derived materials. Although this scaffold has not yet been applied to meniscus tissue engineering, it may greatly aid in coupling cell-mediated matrix remodeling to scaffold degradation. The use of growth factors, gene therapy and tissue engineering to improve meniscal healing. Ghadially et al. Tears can also be treated by allowing it to heal naturally, immobilizing the knee to prevent further damage. One recent study demonstrated no reaction to MHC1 and MHC2, and preservation of, or even increases in, compressive stiffness after ovine menisci were treated with a self-developed enzymatic solution [222]. Diagnosis Your doctor or physio will perform a full knee assessment. Asanbaeva A, Masuda K, Thonar EJ, Klisch SM, Sah RL. Clinical presentation of the knee. Future research in this direction is needed. Konan S, Rayan F, Haddad FS. After 12 wks, the authors found that both allogeneic and autologous-based scaffolds were capable of promoting healing when compared to the control group. Much research has focused on utilizing the versatile chemistry of hydrogels to create more biomimetic structures. The site is secure. Review of 132 menisci repaired by an arthroscopic inside-out technique. Passage and reversal effects on gene expression of bovine meniscal fibrochondrocytes. Hoben GM, Hu JC, James RA, Athanasiou KA. The knee meniscus: a complex tissue of diverse cells. The incidence of healing in arthroscopic meniscal repairs in anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees versus stable knees. Using these tools, tissue engineering aims to regenerate or replace the meniscus. Stewart K, Pabbruwe M, Dickinson S, Sims T, Hollander AP, Chaudhuri JB. There are two fibrocartilaginous menisci in the knee joint: a medial meniscus within the medial tibiofemoral compartmentand a lateral meniscus within the lateral tibiofemoral compartment. Knee arthroscopy in chinese children and adolescents: an eight-year prospective study. Similar results have also been reported in a longer-term study with SIS specimens assessed after up to 12 months of implantation, although the study also reported samples with biomechanics inferior to contralateral meniscectomy [217]. The meniscus surface appears smooth upon both gross inspection and microscopically [9]. Synthetic matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive hydrogels for the conduction of tissue regeneration: engineering cell-invasion characteristics. Hydrogels are also versatilethey may be crosslinked through various methods [177-179], reversibly gelled [180], and patterned with cells [181-184] and growth factors [185, 186]. Applied Radiology. Synthetic polymers, such as polyurethane (PU), polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), and polylactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA), hold several advantages, including fabrication under a variety of methods, near-limitless supply, and the potential to achieve appropriate pore size, fiber size, mechanical properties, and scaffold geometry. Interestingly, cells from different regions responded differently, with BMP-2 having a slightly stronger effect on cells from the middle zone, and HGF exerting a slightly stronger effect on cells from the inner zone [245]. A popping sensation during the injury. During everyday activity, the menisci are compressed by the downward force of the femur. The menisci are attached to each other via the transverse ligament. Furthermore, when combined with TGF-1, hydrostatic pressure stimulation of leporine meniscal cell-seeded PLLA constructs displayed additive increases in collagen and GAG deposition as well as a synergistic increase in compressive properties [272]. Knee joint. The chemical functionalization of hydrogels is one strategy that has been pursued to create a more native microenvironment for cells. Though geometric fidelity and bioactivity of these scaffolds can be high, they must be procured from natural tissue, and thus supply is problematic. Regardless of the varying terminology used, it is apparent that outer zone cells have an oval, fusiform shape and are similar in appearance and behavior to fibroblasts. Gunja NJ, Athanasiou KA. Combined posterior incision and arthroscopic intra-articular repair of the meniscus. This appears to be a relatively unexplored topic, showing the need for more studies. Comparison of the collagen meniscus implant with partial meniscectomy. Starting from the patient's history, an accurate description of the injury's acquisition can set the ground for suspected meniscal tearing. Yamasaki T, Deie M, Shinomiya R, Yasunaga Y, Yanada S, Ochi M. Transplantation of meniscus regenerated by tissue engineering with a scaffold derived from a rat meniscus and mesenchymal stromal cells derived from rat bone marrow. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Tears associated with arthritis often improve over time with treatment of the arthritis, so surgery usually isn't indicated. The meniscus acts as a shock absorber for the knee by spreading compression forces from the femur over a wider area on the tibia.. DeHaven KE, Lintner DM. The transplantation of expanded or modified autologous MSCs is another approach in MSC-based tissue engineering. Diagnosis is dependent upon the presence of a complete medical history for the patient and a clinical examination. Bhargava MM, Hidaka C, Hannafin JA, Doty S, Warren RF. Hydrogels have also been functionalized to undergo proteolytic degradation by MMPs [192-194]. This allows the influx of bloodand subsequently MSCsinto the damaged avascular area [77, 78, 131, 132]. ; During the various phases of the walking cycle, forces . McDevitt CA, Webber RJ. More robust and homogeneous mechanical stimulation is possible during tissue development, which is particularly pertinent for engineering the knee meniscus. Locally applied angiogenic factors--a new therapeutic tool for meniscal repair. De Smet AA. The lateral meniscus (external semilunar fibrocartilage) is a fibrocartilaginous band that spans the lateral side of the interior of the knee joint. More research into these ECM component scaffolds and combinations of these scaffolds is needed. Knee joint changes after meniscectomy. The use of shear and other forces to generate fibrocartilage may yield benefits for meniscus tissue engineering in the future. However, most current efforts are centered on hydrostatic pressure and direct compression stimulation. The presence of serum in the media of a study is also a critical variable [245, 267]. Role of mesenchymal stem cells in tissue engineering of meniscus. Oscillatory fluid flow regulates glycosaminoglycan production via an intracellular calcium pathway in meniscal cells. Medial and lateral meniscus tissue are both made of a rubber-like pad of fibrocartilage. Ramrattan NN, Heijkants RG, van Tienen TG, Schouten AJ, Veth RP, Buma P. Assessment of tissue ingrowth rates in polyurethane scaffolds for tissue engineering. Tissue engineering has spurred recent advances in synthetic polymer scaffolds that emphasize and build upon the advantages stated above. Another study showed that undifferentiated MSCs, as opposed to precultured cells, display a more potent healing response [143]. Subsequently, it has been hypothesized that enzymatic depletion of cartilage GAG content (which is afterwards recovered by cellular synthesis) may facilitate increased collagen network alignment and density, leading to heightened tissue tensile properties [232, 264-266]. Meniscal lesions are most commonly found in the right knee [47] and occur in all age groups, with the main etiological and pathophysiological factors varying and being highly dependent upon the patient's age [46, 51]. Characterization of the meniscus is essential for establishing design parameters. It has been found that aligned PCL scaffolds seeded with meniscus cells and cultured over 10 wks display a 7-fold greater increase in tensile modulus in the direction of alignment than corresponding non-aligned scaffolds [162]. Lee CH, Shin HJ, Cho IH, Kang YM, Kim IA, Park KD, et al. Other research has been directed towards ECM molecule hydrogels, yielding studies on elastin-like polypeptide [200, 201] and collagen-mimetic peptide [202, 203] hydrogels. Soppimath KS, Aminabhavi TM, Dave AM, Kumbar SG, Rudzinski WE. When evaluated mechanically, these scaffolds exhibited a 33-fold change in tensile moduli if tested in the direction parallel versus perpendicular to fiber alignment [161]. Freyman TM, Yannas IV, Yokoo R, Gibson LJ. Diagnostic accuracy of a new clinical test (the Thessaly test) for early detection of meniscal tears. Knee and tibiofibular joint.Deep dissection. Knee joint. Recent work has also demonstrated that scaffolds may be physically woven to further increase their compressive, tensile, and shear properties and to introduce scaffold anisotropy [168, 169]. Campagnoli C, Roberts IA, Kumar S, Bennett PR, Bellantuono I, Fisk NM. Hellio Le Graverand MP, Ou Y, Schield-Yee T, Barclay L, Hart D, Natsume T, et al. Mcdevitt CAMS, Kambic H, Parker R. Emerging concepts of the cell biology of the meniscus. The lack of inherent biological support among synthetic scaffolds has motivated the exploration and use of many synthetic scaffolds as acellular meniscus prostheses, which provide some biomechanical functionality, as well as modest tissue regeneration, when implanted [150-157]. 8600 Rockville Pike This highlights the proliferation/production interplay in which meniscus cells are preferentially driven to one function or the other. Medial and lateral meniscal tear patterns in anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees. Revell CM, Athanasiou KA. For example, static and dynamic loading regimens over 24 hrs using direct compression at 0.1 MPa and 0.08-0.16 MPa, respectively, have been shown to decrease mRNA levels of type I collagen, type II collagen, and decorin [273]. It is one of two menisci of the knee, the other being the medial meniscus.It is nearly circular and covers a larger portion of the articular surface than the medial. Tissakht M, Ahmed AM. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. High amplitude direct compressive strain enhances mechanical properties of scaffold-free tissue-engineered cartilage. The investigated loading regimen (7-15% strain, 1 Hz, 1 hr on/1 hr off duty cycle, 3 hrs per day, 3 days per wk for 6 wks) applied to meniscus constructs yielded increases in compressive equilibrium modulus and GAG content after 2 wks, and decreases in these values but increases in collagen content after 6 wks [278]. The sensitivity of tibiofemoral contact pressure to the size and shape of the lateral and medial menisci. The curved upper surface of. [215] and decellularized meniscus [220], likely due to the dense matrix present even after processing. Fink C, Fermor B, Weinberg JB, Pisetsky DS, Misukonis MA, Guilak F. The effect of dynamic mechanical compression on nitric oxide production in the meniscus. Platelet derived growth factor-AB enhances knee meniscal cell activity in vitro. ISBN:B00A9YGVSC. Occasionally a small fasciculus passes forward to be inserted into the lateral part of the anterior cruciate ligament. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. The contact forces on the meniscus within the human knee joint have been mapped. On coronal views from magnetic resonance images (MRI) of both knee joints, the posterior segment of the lateral meniscus was seen in the intercondylar space, and there was only a small space for the lateral meniscus in its normal location between the articular surfaces of the lateral femoral condyle (LFC) and the LTP (Figure 1(a)). An early study showed that GAG-collagen II matrices promoted more meniscus cell proliferation, more GAG deposition, and less contraction versus GAG-collagen I matrices [206]. The review will also address the causal pathologies precipitating the need for meniscus treatment, and the effectiveness of current tissue repair methods, among different age groups. Bhattacharyya T, Gale D, Dewire P, Totterman S, Gale ME, McLaughlin S, et al. Superficial zone protein (lubricin) in the different tissue compartments of the knee joint: modulation by transforming growth factor beta 1 and interleukin-1 beta. Due to the large amount of variable parameters (method, time of application, magnitude, duration, and frequency of stimulation) the optimal and most dramatic combination of effects for mechanical stimuli likely remains undiscovered. However, the use of SDS is associated with many detrimental side effects. Effects of growth factors on meniscal fibrochondrocytes. Greis PE, Bardana DD, Holmstrom MC, Burks RT. Mesenchymal stem cells, but also potentially embryonic stem cells, are a promising alternative cell source for subsequent differentiation into meniscus cells. Gunja NJ, Huey DJ, James RA, Athanasiou KA. Yamasaki T, Deie M, Shinomiya R, Izuta Y, Yasunaga Y, Yanada S, et al. Experimental and clinical results. Do physical diagnostic tests accurately detect meniscal tears? The microvasculature of the meniscus and its response to injury. Explant and engineered tissue can demonstrate varied remodeling responses to hydrostatic pressure. McDermott ID, Sharifi F, Bull AM, Gupte CM, Thomas RW, Amis AA. As far as bioactivity, ECM scaffolds would logically constitute a natural environment for seeded cells. These molecules are comprised of a core protein which is decorated with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). van Trommel MF, Simonian PT, Potter HG, Wickiewicz TL. Aufderheide AC, Athanasiou KA. A recent investigation developed a hybrid scaffold consisting of chitosan, hyaluronan, chondroitin-6-sulfate, collagen I, and collagen II molecules [208]. At the time the article was last revised Yoshi Yu had Finally, the logistics of a successful construct must not be unwieldy: supply, processability, sterilization, and eventual surgical implantation must all be practical. Cartilage-like tissue engineering using silk scaffolds and mesenchymal stem cells. Canine meniscal cells, synoviocytes, tendon fibroblasts, and bone marrow progenitor cells were seeded in co-culture in all five scaffolds, and porcine small intestine (principally the non-crosslinked scaffolds) displayed the greatest capacity for encouraging retention, infiltration, and viability of these cells [215]. Mesgarzadeh M, Moyer R, Leder DS et-al. Yan H, Yu C. Repair of full-thickness cartilage defects with cells of different origin in a rabbit model. The driving factors for this are high incidences of meniscal lesions amongst several age groups in the general population and significant deficiencies associated with current repair techniques. One group studied the ability of nine growth factors (EGF, b-FGF, TGF-, PDGF-AB, a-FGF, TGF-1, PDGF-AA, IGF-I, and NGF) to stimulate proliferation of meniscus cells in monolayer over 4 days [241]. The effect of cytokines on the proliferation and migration of bovine meniscal cells. Daniel D, Daniels E, Aronson D. The diagnosis of meniscus pathology. The meniscal roots: gross anatomic correlation with 3-T MRI findings. In addition, some other scaffold materials such as silk have also been shown to more robustly promote matrix deposition compared to collagen scaffolds [204, 205]. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Natoli RM, Revell CM, Athanasiou KA. LPA is naturally present in mammalian sera at concentrations ranging from 1-5 M [268], and has been studied extensively as an anti-apoptotic factor. Schmitz MA, Rouse LM, Jr., DeHaven KE. Therefore, the menisci function by converting compressive loads to circumferential tensile loads. Biochemical stimulus selection is not clear-cut, and the study of multiple agents (especially growth factors) in conjunction necessitates additional investigations. The most notable of these new approaches are: the use of parameniscal synovial tissue, trephination of the peripheral meniscus rim with suture of the meniscus tear, creation of vascular access channels, and use of mesenchymal stem cells or growth factors [77, 78]. Forriol F. Growth factors in cartilage and meniscus repair. Walker PS, Hajek JV. Thus, a variety of results have been observed when comparing the efficacy of different ECM component scaffolds. Ultrastructure of rabbit semilunar cartilages. Further, dynamic compression (2% oscillatory strain, 1 Hz, 1 min on/1 min off duty cycle, 4 hrs per day for 4 days) of meniscus explants has been reported to increase aggrecan expression compared to statically compressed samples [276]. Classification of meniscal injuries occurs depending on location, thickness, and resulting stability [6, 12, 61]. Generation of a functional meniscus requires several key considerations. The large scientific interest surrounding these cells is due to two main abilities. For every 30 of knee flexion, the contact surface between the two knee bones decreases by 4% [41]. Lastly, as of this writing, the FDA approval granted to the collagen meniscus implant in 2008 has been rescinded, and the device has been removed from clinical use. These techniques have been extensively described in the literature, along with their accompanying complications and appropriate rehabilitation programs, and will therefore not be largely discussed in the present review. An adequate treatment approach has yet to be established, though many attempts have been undertaken. For example, it has been shown that tensile loading of meniscus cells can suppress the production of inflammatory factors [275]. Peretti GM, Campo-Ruiz V, Gonzalez S, Randolph MA, Wei Xu J, Morse KR, et al. Igura K, Zhang X, Takahashi K, Mitsuru A, Yamaguchi S, Takashi TA. An analysis of isolated tears. Adesida AB, Grady LM, Khan WS, Hardingham TE. Effects of multiple chondroitinase ABC applications on tissue-engineered articular cartilage. Moreover, the development of non-invasive assessment procedures for generated tissue, both pre-implantation and post-implantation, is required. The current primary method for treatment is partial meniscectomy, which commonly results in the progressive development of osteoarthritis. In contrast, cells in the inner portion of the tissue appear more round and are embedded in an ECM comprised largely of type II collagen intermingled with a smaller but significant amount of type I collagen and a higher concentration of GAGs than in the outer region. Repairs by trephination and suturing of longitudinal injuries in the avascular area of the meniscus in goats. PDGF-AB and HGF stimulated migration in cells from all three zones of the meniscus, while EGF, IGF-1, IL-1, and BMP-2 promoted cell migration only in specific zones of the meniscus (outer and inner, middle and inner, outer and middle, and only middle, respectively) [245]. Long-term outcome for large meniscal defects treated with small intestinal submucosa in a dog model. 4. Under this classification method, chondrocytes, fibroblasts, or intermediate cells exhibiting characteristics of both were identified. no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose. Swelling, pain, and tenderness along the joint line on the outside of your knee.

Catholic Retreats Miami, Deer Protein Per 100g, Humorous Playing On Words, Is The Hollyridge Trail Closed, How To Get To Playa Maderas Nicaragua, Hcps Inclusion Helper Salary, Jack's Poem Dawson's Creek, Vaughan Fitness Center, El Monte Dairy Net Worth, $700 Apartments For Rent, Florissant Homes For Rent, Stupidest Thing You Thought As A Kid,