how many islands in indo

Maintaining its status as an archipelagic state means that Indonesia must follow this internationally accepted definition. [205] As of 2019[update], Indonesia has launched 18 satellites for various purposes. [305] Today, the Indonesian music industry enjoys both nationwide and regional popularity in Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei,[306][307] due to the common culture and mutual intelligibility between Indonesian and Malay. The invocation of the first principle of Indonesia's philosophical foundation, Pancasila[266][267] (i.e. As president, Sukarno moved Indonesia from democracy towards authoritarianism and maintained power by balancing the opposing forces of the military, political Islam, and the increasingly powerful Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). [298] Subsequently, tribal art has flourished within the culture of Nias, Batak, Asmat, Dayak and Toraja. It hands out the Citra Award, the film industry's most prestigious award. [274] In 2018, there were 4,670 higher educational institutions in Indonesia, with most (74%) located in Sumatra and Java. In this case, the court ruled in favor of Malaysia and Indonesia lost two islands: Sipadan and Ligitan. [73] Political, economic and social instability, corruption, and instances of terrorism remained problems in the 2000s; however, the economy has performed strongly in the last 15 years. In 2022, KKN di Desa Penari smashed box office records, becoming the most-watched Indonesian film with 9.2million tickets sold. [278] As part of an attempt to achieve universal health care, the government launched the National Health Insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, JKN) in 2014. Garuda Indonesia, the country's flag carrier since 1949, is one of the world's leading airlines and a member of the global airline alliance SkyTeam. [citation needed] The country's Coordinating Ministry for Maritime and Investments Affairs says Indonesia has 17,504 islands (with 16,056 registered at the UN)[76] scattered over both sides of the equator, around 6,000 of which are inhabited. [227] Due to centuries-long contact with other languages, it is rich in local and foreign influences. [198] The country is also an active producer of passenger trains and freight wagons with its state-owned company, the Indonesian Railway Industry (INKA), and has exported trains abroad. [92] Volcanic ash has made agricultural conditions unpredictable in some areas. The road transport system is predominant, with a total length of 542,310 kilometres (336,980 miles) as of 2018[update]. However, observers have pointed out that Indonesia has ties with Israel, albeit discreetly. [179] During the first year of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the economy suffered its first recession since the 1997 crisis but recovered in the following year. [150] Indonesia is a signatory to the ASEAN Free Trade Area agreement, the Cairns Group, the World Trade Organization (WTO), and a former member of OPEC. From 2007 to 2019, annual growth accelerated to between 4% and 6% due to improvements in the banking sector and domestic consumption,[176] helping Indonesia weather the 20082009 Great Recession,[177] and regain in 2011 the investment grade rating it had lost in 1997. [112] Since the 1970s, log production, various plantations and agriculture have been responsible for much of the deforestation in Indonesia. As a result, modern-day Indonesia has a multicultural, multilingual and multi-ethnic society,[1][2] with a complex cultural mixture that differs significantly from the original indigenous cultures. [38][39][40][41], The Japanese invasion and subsequent occupation during World War II ended Dutch rule[42][43][44] and encouraged the previously suppressed independence movement. [226], The country's official language is Indonesian, a variant of Malay based on its prestige dialect, which had been the archipelago's lingua franca for centuries. In addition to refined and crude petroleum as the primary imports, telephones, vehicle parts and wheat cover the majority of additional imports. Under Indian influence, Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished from the early centuries CE. This assumption, however, is not true. [190] The country has substantial energy resources, including 22billion barrels (3.5billion cubic metres) of conventional oil and gas reserves (of which about 4billion barrels are recoverable), 8billion barrels of oil-equivalent of coal-based methane (CBM) resources, and 28billion tonnes of recoverable coal.[191]. [159] Some, notably in Aceh and Papua, have led to an armed conflict and subsequent allegations of human rights abuses and brutality from all sides. The army, led by Major General Suharto, countered by instigating a violent anti-communist purge that killed between 500,000 and one million people and incarcerated roughly a million more in concentration camps. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. Wayang, the Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese shadow puppet theatre display several mythological legends such as Ramayana and Mahabharata. The satellite images used only took into account land area of over 322.91 square feet. In 2014, the Constitutional Court ruled that legislative and presidential elections would be held simultaneously, starting in 2019. [138] The six Papuan provinces are the only ones where the indigenous people have privileges in their local government. In the 1970s, Indonesia became the first developing country to operate a satellite system called Palapa,[204] a series of communication satellites owned by Indosat. [102], Indonesia is second only to Australia in terms of total endemic species, with 36% of its 1,531 species of bird and 39% of its 515 species of mammal being endemic. Most railways are in Java, and partly in three separate areas of Sumatra, used for freight and passenger transport, such as local commuter rail services (mainly in Greater Jakarta and YogyakartaSolo) complementing the inter-city rail network in several cities. Scholars believe that they had their beginning in rituals and religious worship. The VOC was dissolved in 1799 following bankruptcy, and the Netherlands established the Dutch East Indies as a nationalised colony. Interestingly, however, neither researchers nor the government of this country have an accurate count of exactly how many islands make up the entire area. Their painting tradition started as classical Kamasan or Wayang style visual narrative, derived from visual art discovered on candi bas reliefs in eastern Java. [132] The second level are the regencies (kabupaten) and cities (kota), led by regents (bupati) and mayors (walikota) respectively and a legislature (DPRD Kabupaten/Kota). Besides maritime transport, the South China Sea also supports an active fishing industry and is home to rich natural gas and petroleum deposits. For Indonesia, one of the most threatening effects of global climate change is the rising level of ocean water. [78] Indonesia shares land borders with Malaysia on Borneo and Sebatik, Papua New Guinea on the island of New Guinea, East Timor on the island of Timor, and maritime borders with Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Palau, and Australia. Increasing tree coverage to 30% in European cities could reduce deaths linked to urban heat island effect News article 21 June 2023 Directorate-General for Environment Issue 602 : The cooling effect of trees is well known, but no study has so far aimed to quantify how many premature deaths might be prevented through this There a total of five seasons of Temptation Island on USA Network. [28][29] At that time, ancient Indonesian sailors had made long voyages to Madagascar and East Africa. [30] Between the eighth and tenth centuries CE, the agricultural Buddhist Sailendra and Hindu Mataram dynasties thrived and declined in inland Java, leaving grand religious monuments such as Sailendra's Borobudur and Mataram's Prambanan. This issue extends to the water connecting these islands. - World Map / World WebBlessed with rugged tropical terrain, ancient rainforests, and smouldering volcanic formations, Sumatra is the world's sixth-largest island. Gerhard Bowering et al. Influences from the Indian subcontinent, mainland China, the Middle East, Europe,[292][293] Melanesian and Austronesian peoples have historically shaped the cultural, linguistic and religious makeup of the archipelago. [239][243] About 10% of Indonesians are Christians, who form the majority in several provinces in eastern Indonesia. [264], There was a small Jewish presence in the archipelago until 1945, mostly Dutch and some Baghdadi Jews. The name Indonesia derives from the Greek words Indos () and nesos (), meaning "Indian islands". The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) identified 140 species of mammals as threatened and 15 as critically endangered, including the Bali myna,[116] Sumatran orangutan,[117] and Javan rhinoceros. The first level are the provinces, which have a legislature (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, DPRD) and an elected governor. Indonesia covers 1.9 million sq km (741,052 sq mi) so counting all the islands that fit the UN criteria is no small task. The Sundanese are the next largest group (15.4%), followed by Batak, Madurese, Betawi, Minangkabau, Bugis and Malay people. This recognition gives countries the right to have autonomous control over its waters. Balai Pustaka, the government bureau for popular literature, was instituted in 1917 to promote the development of indigenous literature. [341], Badminton and football are the most popular sports in Indonesia. ", "It's OK to be gay in Indonesia so long as you keep it quiet", "Slow progress in the fight against child labour in Indonesia", "Indonesia Intangible heritage, cultural sector", "Music Amid the Indonesia-Malaysia Conflict", "Editor Says: Ketika Musik Indonesia Berjaya di Negeri Tetangga", "Indonesia Tourism: The Dance and Theater in the Archipelago", "Traditions, Wayang Wong Priangan: Dance Drama of West Java", "Ketoprak: Javanese Folk Art (Part 1 of 2)", "Randai (Indonesian folk theater form, uses silat)", "Review: Indonesian post-colonial theatre", "Today Is the 97th Birthday of the Father of Indonesian Cinema. [119] Chief among them is the delegation of power and authority to various regional entities while remaining a unitary state. Read on below to find out exactly why plus [105] It runs roughly northsouth along the edge of the Sunda Shelf, between Kalimantan and Sulawesi, and along the deep Lombok Strait, between Lombok and Bali. [83], Several studies consider Indonesia to be at severe risk from the projected effects of climate change. It was promoted by nationalists in the 1920s and achieved official status in 1945 under the name Bahasa Indonesia. [95] The 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora and the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa were among the largest in recorded history. [326], Like other developing countries, Indonesia began developing Internet in the early 1990s. The army has about 400,000 active-duty personnel. Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India. .mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0}, Indonesia is an ethnically diverse country, with around 1,300 distinct native ethnic groups. That means only 12.38 percent or about 2,342 [84] These include unreduced emissions resulting in an average temperature rise of around 1C (2F) by mid-century,[85][86] raising the frequency of drought and food shortages (with an impact on precipitation and the patterns of wet and dry seasons, and thus Indonesia's agriculture system[86]) as well as numerous diseases and wildfires. Various indigenous tribes incorporate chants and songs accompanied by musical instruments in their rituals. [322] Production of films peaked during the 1980s, although it declined significantly in the next decade. Its main functions are supporting and amending the constitution, inaugurating and impeaching the president,[122][123] and formalising broad outlines of state policy. Only 6 nations in the world have been given this distinction: Indonesia, Fiji, Trinidad and Tobago, the Bahamas, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippines. It is usually performed for traditional ceremonies and festivals[317][318] and based on semi-historical Minangkabau legends and love story. [e] Nearly every Indonesian speaks the language due to its widespread use in education, academics, communications, business, politics, and mass media. [296] Painting is an established and developed art in Bali, where its people are famed for their artistry. Researchers have estimated that Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, will most likely be flooded and uninhabitable for humans by 2030. [301], As with the arts, Indonesian architecture has absorbed foreign influences that have brought cultural changes and profound effects on building styles and techniques. A total of 38 provinces have been established from the original eight in 1945,[131] with the most recent change being the split of Southwest Papua from the province of West Papua in 2022. "Kropak 406; Carita Parahyangan dan Fragmen Carita Parahyangan", Makalah disampaikan dalam Kegiatan Bedah Naskah Kuna yang diselenggarakan oleh Balai Pengelolaan Museum Negeri Sri Baduga. The almost uniformly warm waters that constitute 81% of Indonesia's area ensure that land temperatures remain relatively constant. The third level are the districts (kecamatan, distrik in Papua, or kapanewon and kemantren in Yogyakarta), and the fourth are the villages (either desa, kelurahan, kampung, nagari in West Sumatra, or gampong in Aceh). [124][119] Beginning with the 2015 local elections, elections for governors and mayors have occurred on the same date. Along with weightlifting, it is the sport that contributes the most to Indonesia's Olympic medal tally. [277], Government expenditure on healthcare was about 3.3% of GDP in 2016. [248], Hindu influences reached the archipelago as early as the first century CE. [32] Other parts of the archipelago gradually adopted Islam, and it was the dominant religion in Java and Sumatra by the end of the 16th century. [100][101] Papua was part of the Australian landmass and is home to a unique fauna and flora closely related to that of Australia, including over 600 bird species. [86] Rising sea levels would also threaten most of Indonesia's population, who live in low-lying coastal areas. Government to Count 11 June 2017 | Natuna Islands Fishery Small Islands Sea Protectionism China Indonesia is known [148], Indonesia has been a member of the United Nations since 1950[c] and was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). A string of volcanoes runs through Sumatra, Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara, and then to the Banda Islands of Maluku to northeastern Sulawesi. The growth ended with the 1997 Asian financial crisis that severely impacted the economy, including a 13.1% real GDP contraction in 1998 and a 78% inflation. The marine area surrounding Indonesia and its neighboring countries is considered one of the most important in the world, primarily for international trading purposes. [93] However, it has also resulted in fertile soils, a factor in historically sustaining the high population densities of Java and Bali.[94]. [33], The first Europeans arrived in the archipelago in 1512, when Portuguese traders, led by Francisco Serro, sought to monopolise the sources of nutmeg, cloves, and cubeb pepper in the Maluku Islands. The country's capital, Jakarta, is the world's second-most populous urban area. LGBT people also regularly face challenges. Because Indonesia has unsuccessfully provided an accurate record of the number of islands making up this country, its actual territorial claim to the entire area is affected. Catholicism was brought by Portuguese traders and missionaries such as Jesuit Francis Xavier, who visited and baptised several thousand locals. Typhoons and large-scale storms pose little hazard to mariners; significant dangers come from swift currents in channels, such as the Lombok and Sape straits. The most recent elections in 2019 resulted in nine political parties in the DPR, with a parliamentary threshold of 4% of the national vote.

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