beef cattle known as european bos indicus

Knowing functional levels of types and breeds can help producers optimize animal performance to achieve the highest profit. Here we use genome-wide high-density SNP genotyping data to investigate the taurine and indicine ancestry in southern European cattle, based on a dataset comprising 508 individuals from 23 cattle breeds of taurine, indicine and mixed ancestry, including three breeds from Central Italy known to exhibit the highest levels of indicine introgression among southern European breeds. Corbin, L. J., Liu, A. Y. H., Bishop, S. C. & Woolliams, J. Bos Indicus or Bos Taurus Modern beef cattle can be classified as one of two biological types American Breeds The Brahman, Brangus, Beefmaster, and other Bos Indicus breeds developed in the United States are often referred to as? https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12641 (2018). Admixture analysis at K=2 split the dataset into three groups showing taurine, indicine and taurine x indicine ancestries (Fig. Breed characteristics result from both natural selection and from that imposed by people. Among the three, Chianina is the only breed with no available accounts of introgressive crossbreeding. and P.A.-M. contributed to data interpretation. The genome landscape of indigenous African cattle. Gargani, M. et al. Indeed, most of these traits are shared with the Central Italian white cattle breeds; moreover, recent findings based on mitochondrial analysis identified the genetic proximity of the Italian white cattle breeds with the Turkish grey, a Podolian cattle breed from Anatolia22. 8, 110 (2011). RFI is defined as the difference between actual feed intake and the feed intake required to meet maintenance requirements and growth, and reflects the ability of an animal to process food more efficiently and consequently thrive on poor fodder52,71. Efficiency of different strategies to mitigate ascertainment bias when using SNP panels in diversity studies. In general, do not straightbreed or cross this type with other large types. To identify reference-independent signals of introgression we applied the CIWI-framework using Chianina, Marchigiana, and Romagnola as target populations. Evol. Bruford, M. W. et al. Nat. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Bos indicus cattle, sometimes referred to as zebu, were domesticated in the Indus valley region of modern-day Pakistan approximately 7,000 years ago. Local ancestry inference relies on reference populations representative of the putative ancestral populations that contributed to the current genomic composition in the target genome. Biol. According to archaeological records at the time cattle reached southern Europe - and until 6,0004,000 YA - the Mediterranean climate was hotter and drier85. PLoS One 5, e13038 (2010). S5). Google Scholar. Ecol., https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15004 (2018). typically inhabit our southern regions. These three groups overlapped with the European, Southeast Asian, and African origin of the breeds, respectively (Fig. Bos Taurus beef cattle known as European Ruminant animals with a four-compartment stomach Byproduct product remaining after the animal carcass has been processed Gelding castrated male horse Lanolin Frame score, an objective measure of skeletal dimension used to estimate current and future body size, is discussed in Extension publication E-192, Texas Adapted Genetic Strategies for Beef CattleX: Frame Score and Weight. [6] J. Hum. 6, 314 (2015). Mackinnon, M. J., Meyer, K. & Hetzel, D. J. S. Genetic variation and covariation for growth, parasite resistance and heat tolerance in tropical cattle. The Bos indicus arose in south central Asia. We identified CW-7 (~1.6Mb) as the second strongest signal of indicine-derived introgression. Selecting genetic types, breeds within types, and individuals within breeds that are compatible with the performance level needed and breeding system chosen. Proc. Hedrick, P. W. Adaptive introgression in animals: examples and comparison to new mutation and standing variation as sources of adaptive variation. The three indicine breeds in our dataset grouped together at this clustering level. Signature of selection analysis did not show any evident selective sweep in CW-7 (Supplementary Fig. Cattle of multibreed backgrounds can be estimated from the proportions of the constituent purebreds. BMC Genomics 19, 22 (2018). This documented admixture may explain the extensive shared ancestry of Chianina and Marchigiana at K=13, and the smaller component of Romagnola ancestry in Marchigiana (Supplementary Fig. Maternal use is appropriate, when nutrition is adequate, for the major breeds of this type to create females that are larger, more muscular, leaner, and heavier milking. Out of the 18 genes included within this genomic region only three (H2AFY, NEUROG1, and CXCL14) were shared by all the Central Italian cattle breeds in the top 5% selection (Table2). Early imports were followed by hybridization with the Bos javanicus subspecies of cattle. No direct phenotypic associations have been proposed for H2AFY in cattle, but splicing dysregulation of this gene has been associated with skeletal muscle regeneration disorders in murine models54. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This is not the actual volume of milk produced, which also is influenced by the cows nutrition and the calfs growth potential and nursing pressure. Size is discussed in Extension publication E-188, Texas Adapted Genetic Strategies for Beef CattleIII: Body Size and Milking Level. Similarly the second PC accounted for 4.4% of the variance and reflected Admixture results for K=3, discriminating African taurines from other populations. Barbato, M., Orozco-terWengel, P., Tapio, M. & Bruford, M. W. SNeP: a tool to estimate trends in recent effective population size trajectories using genome-wide SNP data. Pitt, D. et al. 1). Breed. Worldwide Patterns of Ancestry, Divergence, and Admixture in Domesticated Cattle. J. Archaeol. Here we combine local ancestry analysis and the CIWI framework and provide the first evidence for adaptive introgression of alleles of indicine-derived ancestry into Central Italian white cattle breeds. There is much genetic variation within functional types and breeds. The aurochs (Bos primigenius) (/ r k s / or / a r k s /) is an extinct cattle species, considered to be the wild ancestor of modern domestic cattle. Genome Res. Article (A) Graphical representation of the chromosome painting results obtained using different combinations of reference populations of both taurine (red) and indicine (green) ancestry. European cattle diversity is generally dominated by taurine cattle, although elevated levels of indicine ancestry have been recorded in several breeds from southern Europe. Indicine cattle are known to perform better than . S3). Sci. Zebu cattle were domes. The zebu was classified as a distinct species by Juliet Clutton-Brock in 1999, but as a subspecies of the domestic cattle, Bos taurus indicus, by Peter Grubb in 2005. Heavy-muscled types often are low in fleshing ability, so reproductive efficiency may be reduced. J. Anim. Evol. Hegarty, R. S., Goopy, J. P., Herd, R. M. & McCorkell, B. BMC Genomics 16 (2015). However, as a species, cattle are not threatened. J. Hum. Feeding high-energy rations starting early in life for extended periods generally increases marbling. The history and geography of human genes. Selection signature analysis was performed on Chianina BTA18 and BTA7. Among the East European breeds, CW-7 was again identified in Busha and Romanian grey, whereas Boskarin did not show signal for either CW-7 or CW-18. Bos Indicus or Bos Taurus Modern beef cattle can be classified as one of two biological types American Breeds The Brahman, Brangus, Beefmaster, and other Bos Indicus breeds developed in the United States are often referred to as? Data were phased using SHAPEIT v2.r79041. Delaneau, O., Marchini, J. (Brill, 2008). Although higher milking females, even large ones, often reach puberty and conceive when relatively young, subsequent fertility can suffer because they may become thin after beginning lactation. A Bos indicus -influenced female with characteristically long ears and a large dewlap. Al Abri, M. A. et al. Beef cattle breeds native to continental Europe Include: - Charolais - Simmental - Limousin - Chianina - Maine Anjou . Currently, 50%-60% of cattle turned off are crossbred. Use the same cautions as with the Continental Beef group in birth weight, straightbreeding, and crossing with other large types. Melleti, M. & Burton, J.) PubMed Genet. In the terminology used to describe the sex and age of cattle, the male is first a bull calf and if left intact becomes a bull; if castrated he becomes a steer and in about two or three years grows to an ox. To obtain Evol. Heat with humidity stresses cattle that fail to shed long, thick hair coats, particularly darkcolored ones. Gautier, M., Lalo, D. & Moazami-Goudarzi, K. Insights into the Genetic History of French Cattle from Dense SNP Data on 47 Worldwide Breeds. Because of weight-gaining ability and cutability, Continental Beef are most effective as terminal sires, especially on smaller cows, particularly those with higher-marbling genetics. Because marbling relates somewhat to body fatness, especially in comparing breeds or types, there is usually a trade-off between Yield Grade and Quality Grade. Pellecchia, M. et al. Sel. Rev. Mol. Animals poorly adapted to their environment generally are low in fleshing ability. Nowadays, these breeds are highly valued for their meat (e.g., Chianina and Marchigiana T-bones are used for the Fiorentina steak) and therefore subject to higher management standards to maximise production, but retained both hardiness and rusticity62. Genet., https://doi.org/10.1111/age.12409 (2016). 30, 26292644 (2013). Appendix A lists other breeds with registry associations. Cattle domestication occurred at least twice independently and gave rise to the modern taurine and indicine cattle breeds. 47, 25 (2015). These breeds are the foundation of the U.S. beef herd and the basis of comparison for other types in this discussion. A genome-wide perspective on the evolutionary history of enigmatic wolf-like canids. Similarly, indicine cattle were taken along by humans across South-East Asia, and later on into Africa13. 8, e1002641 (2012). McTavish, E. J. With the exclusion of USP10 all of these genes have previously been associated with residual feed intake (RFI) in indicine cattle52. Adaptive introgression from indicine cattle into white cattle breeds from Central Italy, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-57880-4. The relationships between thermotolerance, temperament, and meat production traits are poorly understood. In subtropical and some temperate areas, cattle with a proportion of Bos indicus breeding are used. Martello, L. S., da Luz e Silva, S., da Costa Gomes, R., da Silva Corte, R. R. P. & Leme, P. R. Infrared thermography as a tool to evaluate body surface temperature and its relationship with feed efficiency in Bos indicus cattle in tropical conditions. Albrechtsen, A., Nielsen, F. C. & Nielsen, R. Ascertainment biases in SNP chips affect measures of population divergence. S1b). J. Similarly, no signal was detected corresponding to CW-7 and CW-18 among the Iberian breeds. S1a). The scientific name Bos indicus was introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 for humped cattle in China. Human Genetic Data Reveal Contrasting Demographic Patterns between Sedentary and Nomadic Populations That Predate the Emergence of Farming. Hence, adaptive introgression can be identified by LAI, by detecting those regions of fixed or nearly-fixed genome ancestry from a specific source population33. The Bos taurus in the United States originated in the British Isles and western continental Europe. Article PubMed Central volume10, Articlenumber:1279 (2020) Brisbin, A. et al. 87, 38773886 (2009). Regardless, our analysis suggest that southern European cattle show significant admixture levels with both indicine and African taurine cattle. The meat of mature or almost mature cattle is mostly known as beef . Genet. Huson, D. H. & Bryant, D. Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies. Hence, animals that use feed more efficiently positively affect both the costs and sustainability of beef production systems75,76. This pattern contrasts with the documented reduced effective population size within the highly managed European breeds, and with previously published microsatellite and sequence data from other Asian indicine breeds10,63. VonHoldt, B. M. et al. contracts here, Sign up for Nature Briefing: Translational Research. Commun. Int. Acad. Genetic origin, admixture and population history of aurochs (Bos primigenius) and primitive European cattle. The bulls were likely used on cows of the European breeds and on the descendants of these crosses. Sci. When genetic types or breeds are compared for differences in cutability, it is assumed that the breeds have similar nutrition levels. 5, e1000686 (2009). Acad. SERPINB10 is involved in the amino acid metabolism and has been associated to feed efficiency traits in ruminants61. Zeder, M. A. Domestication and early agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin: Origins, diffusion, and impact. 9, 2337 (2018). Revealing the history of sheep domestication using retrovirus integrations.

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